Background: Preeclampsia and HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome are multifactorial disorders with genetic and environmental components. Given that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha ...

Galectins are potent immunomodulators that regulate maternal immune responses in pregnancy and prevent the rejection of the semi-allogeneic fetus that also occurs in miscarriages. We previously identified a gene cluster ...