Kivonat:
By naturally occurring gene-transformation Ri-plasmids of Agrobacterium
rhizogenes have been integrated into the plant genome of Chamomillo
recutita, thereby inducing the formation of hairy roots. Clones with
the best biosynthetic potential were multiplied for phytochemical
investigations. The amounts of terpenoid and polyene compounds in the
genetically transformed cultures were compared with those in in-vivo
plants.
In Hungary a wild chamomile population was found which contained
significant amount of (-)-alpha-bisabolol in the oil from the
inflorescence. We used biotechnological methods to preserve the genome
of this wild type. Transformed chamomile root cultures were obtained by
infection of sterile organized cultures with Agrobacterium rhizogenes
strains #A-4,# 15834, and #R-1601. Hairy roots freed from bacteria were
cultivated on solid medium and then in liquid, hormone-free, B5 and MS
media.
The qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil was
examined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The volatile
compounds were identified by comparing their retention times with those
of authentic standards and of essential oils of known composition, and
by peak enrichment. Confirmation of identity was achieved by comparison
of mass spectra with those reported in the literature and those of
reference compounds. The amount of each component as a percentage of
the total was determined by area normalization.
GC and GC-MS studies showed that genetically transformed chamomile
cultures generated the terpenoid and polyene compounds most
characteristic of the parent plant. The main components of hairy root
cultures were trans-beta-farnesene, alpha-farnesene, geranyl
isovalerate, and cedrol. We identified beta-selinene as a new component
of the genetically transformed cultures.