Posttranslational modifications of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIdelta and its downstream signaling in human failing hearts

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In human failing hearts (HF) of different origin (coronary artery disease-CAD, dilated-DCM, restrictive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-OTHER), we investigated the active forms of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIdelta (p-Thr287-CaMKIIdelta, oxMet281/282-CaMKIIdelta) and their role in phenotypes of the disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Although basic diagnostic and clinical markers indicating the attenuated cardiac contractility and remodeling were comparable in HF groups, CaMKIIdelta-mediated axis was different. P-Thr287-CaMKIIdelta was unaltered in CAD group, whereas it was upregulated in non-ischemic cardiomyopathic groups. No correlation between the upregulated p-Thr287-CaMKIIdelta and QT interval prolongation was detected. Unlike in DCM, oxMet281/282-CaMKIIdelta did not differ among HF groups. Independently of CaMKIIdelta phosphorylation/oxidation, activation of its downstreams-phospholamban and cardiac myosin binding protein-C was significantly downregulated supporting both diminished cardiac lusitropy and inotropy in all hearts. Content of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a in all HF was unchanged. Protein phosphatase1beta was upregulated in CAD and DCM only, while 2A did not differ among groups. CONCLUSION: This is the first demonstration that the posttranslational activation of CaMKIIdelta differs in HF depending on etiology. Lower levels of downstream molecular targets of CaMKIIdelta do not correlate with either activation of CaMKIIdelta or the expression of major protein phosphatases in the HF. Thus, it is unlikely that these mechanisms exclusively underlie failing of the heart.