Phosphorylation-dependent binding of 14-3-3 proteins controls TRESK regulation

Abstract

The two-pore domain K+ channel, TRESK (TWIK-related spinal cord K+ channel) is reversibly activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin. In the present study, we report that 14-3-3 proteins directly bind to the intracellular loop of TRESK and control the kinetics of the calcium-dependent regulation of the channel. Coexpression of 14-3-3 eta with TRESK blocked, whereas the coexpression of a dominant negative form of 14-3-3 eta accelerated the return of the K+ current to the resting state after the activation mediated by calcineurin in Xenopus oocytes. The direct action of 14-3-3 was spatially restricted to TRESK, since 14-3-3 eta was also effective, when it was tethered to the channel by a flexible polyglutamine-containing chain. The effect of both the coexpressed and chained 14-3-3 was alleviated by the microinjection of Ser(P)-Raf259 phosphopeptide that competes with TRESK for binding to 14-3-3. The gamma and eta isoforms of 14-3-3 controlled TRESK regulation, whereas the beta, zeta, epsilon, sigma, and tau isoforms failed to influence the mechanism significantly. Phosphorylation of serine 264 in mouse TRESK was required for the binding of 14-3-3 eta. Because 14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitous, they are expected to control the duration of calcineurin-mediated TRESK activation in all the cell types that express the channel, depending on the phosphorylation state of serine 264. This kind of direct control of channel regulation by 14-3-3 is unique within the two-pore domain K+ channel family.